known and unknown fact vitamin D

Known and unknown fact about vitamin D

Only fewer people know about vitamin D . But most people don’t know what is vitamin D really, where the vitamin get from, what it's do, why it’s essential nowadays, how it works .in this chapter we will going to see all about the known and unknown fact of vitamin D.

What is vitamin D?

Vitamin D is two types, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 cholecalciferol. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is produced in mushrooms and yeast (plant source). Vitamin D3 is produced from animal sources .vitamin d3 is more effective than D2.

First think Vitamin D is technically not a vitamin, it's actually a hormone rather than a vitamin .because humans have the capacity to produce it themselves through exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D is biologically inert and must undergo two chemical processes in the body for activation. The first occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to a pheromone called calcidiol (25-hydroxy vitamin)D. The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active hormone calcitriol(1,25-hydroxyvitamin)D.

Now the people have two questions .where the vitamin D get from? And what kind of vitamin D we are using? Let’s see deeply

1. The main source from sunlight. When the sun’s ultraviolet rays touch the skin, they convert the precursor to a molecule called vitamin D3, which then follows a metabolic pathway through the liver and finally to the kidneys, where it’s converted into a molecule called calcitriol. That’s the good stuff—the active form.

2. The synthetic or man-made form of vitamin D3 is what they commonly sell as vitamin D3 supplements in shops. To produce Vitamin D3 from sheep’s wool.

How they get from wool

First washed to remove any impurities – which range from dirt and straw to feces and parasites such as blow flies. A detergent is then added to extract the crude lanolin. This is then saponified: a process which converts the fatty component into chemicals that can be removed by centrifugation. The remaining lanolin alcohols are then refined further and subjected to a solvent wash and/or chromatography. This extracts crude cholesterol, which is the base ingredient for a series of chemical reactions that produce a compound named ‘7-dehydrocholesterol’, also called ‘pre-Vitamin D3’. This is illuminated by ultraviolet light to form Vitamin D3, mimicking the reaction that occurs in our skin.

Here's one back-of-the-envelope approach. I could have some or all of these numbers and calculations wrong, though, so be warned.
1000 IU of vitamin D3 is equal to 25 µg.
That has to be a very small fraction of one sheep's coat of wool, so small that perhaps a more interesting number is how many pills of vitamin D3 might one sheep's coat of wool make?
We invert this to get 15.3 million 1000 IU pills per mol of vitamin D3.
Therefore, we have 0.18 mol/sheep * 15.3M pills/mol ~ 2.8 million pills per sheep’s wool.

Uses of hormone D:

It’s long been known that Vitamin D functions with calcium to keep bones healthy and avoid deformities such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. But it is becoming increasingly clear that it also plays a vital role for our immune system, helping to fight off bacterial, viral and fungal invaders.

Vitamin D appears to boost immunity through several ways, such as helping immune cells to function properly and dampening the inflammatory response.

Blood pressure & Calcium absorption

Hormone D doing major rule of calcium absorption in body especially in intestine. Calcium absorption not only helps for bone health. Calcium intake may regulate blood pressure by increasing intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to vasoconstriction, and by increasing vascular volume through the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). We found three major mechanisms explaining the relationship between a low calcium intake and the increase in blood pressure:1.parathyroid function,2.vitamin D, and 2.the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). These three mechanisms are described below

Did you notice why there is combination of calcium +vitamin D together in pack? Yes, exactly hormone to help maximum reach of calcium in our body.

Diabetes – A meta-analysis of eight studies found that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus for non-obese pre-diabetic patients but not obese ones. A meta-analysis of 37 articles found that vitamin D supplementation significantly improved glycemic control [homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], hemoglobin A1C (hba1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In prospective studies, high versus low level of vitamin D was respectively associated with significant decrease in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes, and pre-diabetes

Asthma:

Although tentative data link low levels of vitamin D to asthma, evidence to support a beneficial effect on asthmatics from supplementation is inconclusive. One review found that vitamin D supplementation could reduce the need for steroids used to inhibit episode frequency in people with mild to moderate asthma, and that supplementation had no effect on day-to-day asthma symptoms. In general practice, supplementation with vitamin D is not recommended for treatment or prevention of asthma. The probable reason for this is because low vitamin D levels increase the airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reduce lung function in severe asthma. The probable reason for this is because low vitamin D levels increase the airway smooth muscle (ASM) and reduce lung function in severe asthma

Cancer

Epidemiological studies indicate that vitamin D insufficiency could have an etiological role in various human cancers. Preclinical research indicates that the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, also known as calcitriol, or vitamin D analogues might have potential as anticancer agents because their administration has ant proliferative effects, can activate apoptotic pathways and inhibit angiogenesis. In addition, 1alpha, 25(OH) 2D3 potentiates the anticancer effects of many cytotoxic and ant proliferative anticancer agents. Here, we outline the epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies that support the development of 1alpha, 25(OH) 2D3 and vitamin D analogues as preventative and therapeutic anticancer agents.

Recommended level

Vitamin D deficiency affects around 1 billion people, making it one of the biggest nutritional issues worldwide. Indeed, over 75% of Americans are vitamin D deficient. A 2014 review of 32 studies reported that they associated low vitamin D levels with a 90% increased risk of early death! Two separate reviews of 78 vitamin D supplementation studies reported taking a vitamin D supplement decreased the death rate in healthy adults. Another large review reported that taking a vitamin D supplement decreased the death rate in those who had cancer.

In the middle east country Qatar Doha: High prevalence of obesity and vitamin D deficiency has been found in the Qatari population, Among the participants in the ongoing study being conducted by Qatar Biobank, 38 percent reported having sedentary lifestyle habits and reported doing no physical exercise. Only 12 percent of participants have normal Vitamin D levels, while 25 percent have mild deficiency levels. Another 50 percent have a moderate deficiency level of Vitamin D, while they found 13 percent to have a severe deficiency.

The Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin D are as follows:

Infants (0–12 months): 10 mcg (400 IU)

Children and teens: 15 mcg (600 IU)

Adults ages 18–70: 15 mcg (600 IU)

Adults over age 70: 20 mcg (800 IU)

Pregnant or breastfeeding women: 15 mcg (600 IU)

Recommended serum levels:

If you are going to check your vitamin D level in the laboratory .they collecting to your blood sample, they analysis either 25-hydroxy vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)hormone. Formal Name:25-hydroxyvitamin D (Calcidiol); 1, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D (Calcitriol)

Serum vitamin D level <10 ng/ml is accepted as a deficiency, 10–30 ng/ml as insufficiency, 30–100 ng/ml as sufficiency, and >100 ng/ml as toxicity

Reference ranges for 1, 25(OH) 2 D are as follows: Males: 18-64 pg/ml. Females: 18-78 pg/m

Serum 25(OH) D should be measured to assess nutritional vitamin D status and to diagnose vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Serum 1, 25(OH) 2D should be measured in disorders of 1α-hydroxylation in the kidney or in extrarenal tissues, causing decreased or increased production of 1, 25(OH) 2D.

When vitamin D levels are very low, more tests may be ordered. These may include repeat vitamin D testing as well as tests of other substances, such as:

If your vitamin D level is abnormally high, you may require additional tests, including:

We highly recommended the parathyroid hormone(PTH) test. Because PTH doing a major role in balancing serum concentration in blood .let’s see deeply

You have four pea-sized parathyroid glands located behind your thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone that your parathyroid glands make and release to control the level of calcium in your blood by increasing it. PTH also helps control the levels of phosphorus (a mineral) and vitamin D (a hormone) in your blood and bones.

Your parathyroid gland releases a parathyroid hormone (PTH) when your body detects low calcium levels in your blood. Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in your blood by affecting the following parts of your body:

Bones: Parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of small amounts of calcium from your bones into your bloodstream.

Kidneys: Parathyroid hormone enables the production of active vitamin D (calcitriol) in your kidneys. PTH also signals your kidneys to retain calcium in your body rather than flushing it out through your urine.

Small intestine: Parathyroid hormone signals your small intestine to absorb more calcium from the food you eat.

Source of hormone D:

Foods	Vitamin D (International Unit)
Egg yolk	18 IU (1 Egg yolk)
Salmon	988 IU (100 gram)
Sardines	272 IU (100 gram)
Tuna	268 IU (100 gram)
Cod liver oil	450 IU (1 tbsp.)
Mushroom	2300 IU (100 gram)
Soy Milk	107-117 IU (1 cup)
Orange juice	100 IU (1 cup)
Cereal	40-100 IU
Cheese	24 IU (100 gram)
Oysters	268 IU (6 raws)
Shrimp	42 IU (1 large)
Tofu	100 IU (100 gram)

Conclusion:

Once again, we strongly commented hormone D is not a vitamin. The body gets from sunshine, mostly. Hormone D is an essential nowadays because, people's daily lifestyle changes, less physical activities .sun exposure because of latitude, season, time of day, atmospheric components, clothing, sunscreen use and skin pigmentation, as well as age, obesity and the incidence of several chronic illnesses . Hormone D deficiency is the most common medical condition worldwide. An estimated one billion people in the world have Hormone D deficiency or insufficiency. It reported the prevalence of Hormone D deficiency among the adult population to be 14-59% with a higher prevalence in Asian countries. If you have a low or high level of hormone D. 1. calcium,2.PTH,3. hormone D is really combined together. Do the further test above us listed. We need to create more awareness and also create a deep vision between healthcare professionals and hormone D.

References:

1. Comprehensive view on chemistry, manufacturing & applications of lanolin extracted from wool pretreatment, American Journal of Engineering Research (2014).

2. Https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-d/

4. Https://www.vitamaniathemovie.com/how-to-make-vitamin-d/

5. Https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4547

6. Http://naturalvigor.com/productsline.html

7. Https://www.trubodywellness.com/coq10-30-capsules/

8. Https://nutritionstudies.org/important-vitamin-d-facts-need-know/

9. Https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/benefits-vitamin-d#how-much-you-need

10. Https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/osteoporosis/role-calcium-vitamin-d-bone-health

11. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566648/

12. Https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-7448/calcitriol-oral/details

13. Https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566648/

14. https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/vitamin-d